his whims. Francis seems to have done all the things that adults deplore in the youth of today: waste time and money; be preoccupied with fancy clothes which had to be in the latest mode; run around with the wrong crowd; chase after women; and take an interest in subversive music—in his case, the love songs (chansons) introduced from France. When he was in his late adolescence Francis seems to have begun to grow out of this feckless life. The early authors do not seem very precise about how this